Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to fragility and an increased risk of fractures, particularly in the hip, spine, and wrist. As bones lose strength with age, they become brittle, making even minor falls potentially devastating. In the United States, more than 53 million people either have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass. Fortunately, emerging research highlights red light therapy (RLT), also known as photobiomodulation, as a promising, non-invasive treatment to support bone health and manage osteoporosis.
Benefits of red light therapy for osteoporosis
When you have osteoporosis, your bones change in size or strength, increasing your risk of fractures due to falls or everyday movements, such as bending over.
RLT may help strengthen bones to help prevent serious fractures. Additionally, it’s possible the treatment may help reduce inflammationTrusted Source and pain as in other conditions, which might help promote your body’s natural regeneration process.
However, there currently isn’t enough definitive research to consider RLT as a primary osteoporosis treatment.
The Development of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle due to a decrease in bone mass and bone mineral density.It is a bigger silent killer than many realize - a lot of people don't know they have it until a fracture or two occurs.
While certain groups are more predisposed to Osteoporosis than others (for example, shorter or more petite individuals, women, those with lower BMI, those who have it in their family history, smokers, and post-menopausal women), there are some warning signs:
- Loss of height over time.
- Stooped posture or compression fractures - severe back pain to follow! Bending and twisting will make these symptoms worse.
- Cramping or aching.
- Bone pain.
- Bones that break more easily than expected.
As osteoporosis causes bones to become more fragile, fractures may occur as a result of minor falls or normal stresses such as lifting a heavy object, or even coughing.
How Red Light Therapy Works
Red light therapy might sound futuristic, but it’s a tried-and-true method that uses specific wavelengths of light, typically between 630–850 nm, to penetrate the skin and stimulate cellular activity. Think of it as charging your cells’ batteries. By boosting cellular energy, RLT promotes healing and regeneration. Deep healing red light therapy works by exposing the body to low levels of red or near-infrared light, which can penetrate the skin and stimulate cellular processes.
The photons are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores in skin cells. Consequently, electron transport, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) nitric oxide release, blood flow, reactive oxygen species increase, and diverse signaling pathways are activated. Stem cells can be activated, allowing increased tissue repair and healing. Concentrated natural light stimulates the mitochondria in the cells, reducing oxidative stress and helping the body to produce more usable energy to power itself, regenerate, and heal.
Benefits of Red Light Therapy for Osteoporosis
Enhancing Bone Density
One of the most exciting benefits of red light therapy is its ability to enhance bone density. As we age, our bones naturally lose density, making them more susceptible to fractures—a common concern for those with osteoporosis. Studies show that RLT can increase the activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for building bone. When these cells are activated, they work harder to produce and mineralize bone tissue, leading to denser and stronger bones. This increase in bone density helps protect against fractures, making daily activities safer and more comfortable.
A 2017 study analyzed red light effects for age-related osteoporosis in rats. The researchers found that this therapy could "effectively improve osteoporosis, increase bone mineral density, improve bone structure, and improve bone biomechanical performance in older rats." The wavelength of red/infrared light can penetrate deep tissues and bones by encouraging cell communication and mitochondrial function in skeletal tissues.
Stimulating Bone Healing
Red light therapy has also been shown to help increase the speed of bone healing when it results from a traumatic injury. An incredible study performed in 2017 investigated how red light therapy can be utilized in post-traumatic edema (swelling) in patients with facial bone fractures. The study compared 20 patients treated with a red light therapy device vs. 20 patients treated with a fake red light device over 5 days. Results showed a 16.5% reduction in edema size in the group using red light therapy vs. a 7.3% reduction in edema size with the fake device. This study concluded that inflammation and swelling can successfully be reduced through RLT, which results in quicker bone healing.
In another study, upon a piece of bone being sliced from the upper leg in an “osteotomy” of 45 rats, the rats were split into three groups—Group 1 received no light, the second group was administered red light (about 660–690 nm), and the third group was exposed to near-infrared light (about 790–830 nm). The study found “a significant increase in the degree of gray level (mineralization) in groups treated with the laser after 7 days” and “after 14 days, only the group treated with the laser therapy in the infrared spectrum showed higher bone density.”
Reducing Inflammation and Pain
Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to bone degradation in osteoporosis. Inflammation not only weakens bones but also exacerbates pain and discomfort. By reducing these inflammatory signals, red light therapy helps to calm the body’s immune response, allowing the bones to heal and maintain their strength. This reduction in inflammation also means less pain and a better quality of life for those with osteoporosis.
In addition to the demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, RLT may have benefits provided by its ability to act on nerves by reducing pain transmission and activating endogenous opioid receptors. Patients suffering from osteoporosis often end up in a downward spiral where pain and the fear of fractures lead to less physical activity, which leads to weaker muscles and further compromises bone health. By reducing inflammation, red light therapy can alleviate pain and swelling associated with osteoporosis.
Improving Circulation
Healthy bones need a steady supply of nutrients, and that’s where good blood circulation comes into play. Red light therapy enhances blood flow by increasing the production of nitric oxide, a molecule that helps relax and widen blood vessels. This improved circulation ensures that oxygen, calcium, and other essential nutrients are efficiently delivered to bone tissues. As a result, the bones receive the nutrients they need to repair themselves and stay strong. Enhanced blood flow also helps in removing waste products, which further supports bone health and overall well-being.
Practical Applications of Red Light Therapy
Integrating red light therapy into your routine for osteoporosis involves understanding the practical aspects. For optimal results, consistent use is key. Sessions typically last between 10–20 minutes, several times a week. Various devices are available, from full-body panels to portable devices. For those seeking professional-grade treatment at home, medical-grade red light therapy devices offer advanced features. Alternatively, table-stand devices provide flexibility for targeted treatment.
Red light therapy is generally safe, but it’s essential to follow manufacturer guidelines and consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you have pre-existing conditions. People with darker skin tones should use caution due to the increased risk of hyperpigmentation. Always consult a physician before undertaking any lifestyle changes, including exercise or RLT, as there is the possibility of complications in some individuals.
Scientific Backing
Numerous studies highlight the efficacy of red light therapy for bone health. A 2020 review suggests that red light may help treat bone diseases by improving bone tissue regeneration without damaging healthy cells nearby. A 2014 study using 635-nm LED light on mouse bone marrow cells found that continuous exposure at 2 mW/cm² significantly reduced osteoclast formation and bone resorption compared to controls: “The formation of osteoclast cells was significantly inhibited by 635-nm LED irradiation” and “both the number of osteoclast cells and bone resorption activity were much lower in the irradiation group than in the control group.” Their research suggests that 635-nm LED therapy, particularly at lower intensities over extended periods, “may prove to be a valuable tool to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and other resorptive bone diseases.”
The animal study titled “Effect of in vivo low-level laser therapy on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats” examined postmenopausal osteoporosis and concluded “positive effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with pulse wave.” It found that pulse wave PBM significantly stimulated viability and cell proliferation of healthy bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.
Complementary Approaches
While red light therapy shows promise, it is not a standalone treatment. A well-rounded approach to osteoporosis management includes:
- Calcium and Vitamin D: If you don’t get enough of these important nutrients in your diet, a doctor may recommend supplements.
- Exercise: Weight-bearing exercises such as strength training, walking, and swimming, as well as balancing exercises like yoga or tai chi, can help protect and strengthen bones.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Reducing alcohol intake and quitting smoking are recommended to prevent further bone loss.
Other treatment options for osteoporosis
The primary treatment methods used to help prevent further bone loss in osteoporosis includeTrusted Source:
- Calcium and vitamin D: If you don’t get enough of these important nutrients in your diet, a doctor may recommend supplements.
- Medications: These may includeTrusted Source alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Atelvia), and zoledronic acid (Reclast).
- Exercise: Weight-bearing exercises such as strength training, walking, and swimming, as well as balancing exercises such as yoga or tai-chi can help protect and strengthen bones.
- Other lifestyle modifications: A doctor may recommend reducing your alcohol intake if you drink and quitting smoking if you smoke.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is red light therapy safe for everyone with osteoporosis?
Red light therapy is generally safe, but individuals should consult a healthcare provider before starting treatment, especially those with pre-existing conditions or darker skin tones, which may be at risk of hyperpigmentation. Following device guidelines is crucial to avoid potential side effects.
How often should I use red light therapy for osteoporosis?
For optimal results, sessions typically last 10–20 minutes, 3–5 times per week. Consistency is key, but the exact frequency depends on the device and individual needs. Consult a professional to tailor a regimen.
Can red light therapy replace traditional osteoporosis treatments?
No, red light therapy should be used as a complementary treatment, not a replacement. It works best alongside medications, dietary changes, and exercise as part of a comprehensive osteoporosis management plan.
How long does it take to see results from red light therapy?
Results vary, but studies suggest improvements in bone density and pain relief may be noticeable after several weeks of consistent use. Long-term benefits require ongoing treatment.
Can I use red light therapy at home?
Yes, at-home devices like portable red light therapy devices or full-body systems make it convenient to incorporate RLT into your routine. Ensure the device is FDA-approved or meets safety standards for effective treatment.
Conclusion
Red light therapy is emerging as a powerful, non-invasive solution for those seeking to strengthen their bones and reduce the risk of fractures associated with osteoporosis. By enhancing bone density, stimulating healing, reducing inflammation, and improving circulation, RLT offers a multifaceted approach to bone health. While more research is needed to establish optimal protocols, the current evidence is promising.
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